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1958 the Hashimite monarchy was overthrown and murdered under the leadership
of Brigadier Abdull-Karim Qassem "il-Za´im" who was assassinated in 1963.
1963-66 Col. Abdul Salam Arif, died in a helicopter crash
1966-68 Gen. Abdul Rahman Arif, was overthrown
1968-79 Ahmad Hassan al-Bakr, replaced by
1979-03 Saddam Hussein
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